Mandate Versus Championship: Vertical government intervention and diffusion of innovation in public services in authoritarian China

This research focuses on innovation and its diffusion in public services in authoritarian China. A mechanism between vertical government intervention and diffusion of innovation in public services is established by conducting a comparative case study between Sichuan and Tianjin. Administrative commands facilitate the formation of the ‘mandatory policy diffusion’ that rapidly diffuses policy instruments. Competition in the performance evaluation-based personnel system contributes to the formation of ‘championship policy diffusion’, which leads to the divergence of policy instruments in neighbouring local governments. Therefore, classic theoretical hypotheses on geographical proximity, competition, and vertical intervention concerning innovation diffusion need to be modified.     

时间Petri网在项目进度管理建模中的应用

通过分析现有时延Petri网和时间Petri网在项目进度管理仿真模型的不足,提出基于库所时间约束Petri网的项目进度管理模型,该模型具备全局时钟特性,不仅能体现工序自身时间参数,同时能对外部资源等工序外延时间约束进行建模。实例仿真结果表明该模型的有效性。     

电气化铁路接触网硬点产生原因及改进措施

电气化铁路接触网硬点一旦形成,很容易造成破坏机车稳定受流,影响电力机车弓网关系,造成严重后果。本文就电气化铁路接触网硬点产生的原因,提出了防范与整治接触网"硬点"的几项措施。     

Innovation in work practices: a practice perspective

Dynamic capability theory argues that organizations' internal capabilities enable sustained competitive advantage. Innovations in work practices (commonly termed ‘high performance’, ‘high commitment’ or ‘high involvement’ practices) are an important source of these internal capabilities but research evidence shows low levels of penetration. Using a practice perspective, case study analysis of 7 establishments in the aerospace sector identifies three themes that are under-attended to in current research on innovations in work practices: industry and production context; distributed nature of management activity, and social embeddedness. Implications for future research are discussed.     

Capability building through innovation for unserved lower end mega markets

Although product innovation for unserved lower end mega markets in large developing countries has been recognized as an opportunity for improving the competitiveness of local firms, limited research has been conducted that explicitly explores how innovation capabilities can be built for these markets. This study investigates Tata Motors' Nano as an exploratory case of building innovation capabilities. This paper shows that the building of innovation capability could be achieved through creating a process that overcomes ‘the deficiency problem’ in generating radically cheap priced original products.The study's contribution to the literature is that it addresses issues of building local firms' innovation capabilities through creating original products for the unserved lower end market, in which advanced country firms have limited experience.Nano, as an unprecedented innovation in the automobile industry, reveals a path to building innovation capability that has not previously been observed. We show that detailed processes involved in generating an original product for the lower end market provide insights on the strategy in terms of target price setting, initiating innovation process overcoming ‘the deficiency problem’, and creation of complementary resources.     

从产学研合作角度浅谈我国协同创新现状

在知识经济时代,协同创新机制对社会经济的发展起到越来越大的作用,得到各国政府的关注和推动,我国也将协同创新作为国家创新体系建设的重要内容之一,提高到国家战略的高度。文章从产学研合作的角度出发,简要概括了我国在产学研合作协同创新方面的政策措施,同时,分析了产学研合作协同创新存在的若干问题,并提出了相应的改进建议。     

External Interaction,Innovation and Productivity: An Application of the Innovation Value Chain to Ireland

Abstract

This paper analyses the innovation value chain for the Irish Community Innovation Survey (CIS): 2004–2006. In estimating innovation and productivity simultaneously, it extends the CDM methodology to include a range of external knowledge sources. Feedback effects are found to be vital, with more productive firms being more innovative and vice versa. External knowledge sources affect the innovation decision but not innovation performance, thus pointing to the primacy of internal processes for the crucial task of knowledge exploitation. There is evidence of dichotomous knowledge sourcing in Ireland, with some firms sourcing from market and others, especially high-technology businesses, from non-market agents.

External interaction, innovation et productivité extérieure: une application de la chaîne de valeur de l'innovation à l'Irlande

La présente communication analyse la chaîne de valeur d'innovation pour le CIS : 2004–2006 irlandais. En estimant l'innovation et la productivité simultanément, elle procède au développement de la méthodologie CDM, en incorporant un éventail de sources de connaissances extérieures. Il s'avère que les effets de la rétroaction sont essentiels, les entreprises les plus productives étant plus innovantes et vice-versa. Des sources de connaissances externes affectent les décisions sur l'innovation, mais non pas les performances de l'innovation, en soulignant ainsi l'importance primordiale des procédés internes pour la tâche essentielle de l'exploitation des connaissances. On a relevé des traces des sourçage dichotomique des connaissances en Irlande, certaines entreprises s'approvisionnant directement sur le marché, d'autres, notamment dans le secteur des technologies de pointe, s'inspirant d'agents extérieurs au marché.

Interacción, innovación y productividad externas: una aplicación de la cadena de valor de la innovación en Irlanda

En este trabajo se analiza la cadena de valor de la innovación de Irish CIS: 2004–2006. Al estimar simultáneamente la innovación y la productividad, se amplía la metodología CDM para abarcar una serie de fuentes externas de conocimiento. En este análisis se concluyó que los efectos de la realimentación son vitales, dado que más firmas productivas son más innovadoras y viceversa. Las fuentes externas de conocimiento afectan las decisiones de innovación y no el rendimiento asociado con la innovación y, por consiguiente, se señala el predominio de los procesos internos para la tarea crucial de explotación del conocimiento. En Irlanda, hay evidencias de obtención dicotómica del conocimiento, con algunas firmas que lo obtienen en el mercado y otras, en especial las empresas de alta tecnología, a través de agentes fuera del mercado.

     

制造业企业开展套期保值业务的现状及对策分析

在经济全球化背景下,制造业企业在原材料采购和产品销售方面,面临着巨大的价格波动风险。制造业企业如何充分利用期货市场开展套期保值业务来规避价格风险,是企业必须面对的一个重要课题。文章通过对上市的制造业企业展开抽样调查,了解我国上市的制造业企业开展套期保值业务的现状及存在的问题,据此提出强化期货知识培训、丰富期货品种、加强期货市场创新、降低交易成本等方式,提高企业参与套保的积极性,发挥期货市场为实体经济发展服务的广度和深度。     

Towards a better measure of income inequality in Indonesia

Indonesia has experienced significant economic growth in recent years (on average, 5% in 2000–08), but many people are still living in poverty. Income inequality, as measured by the official Gini coefficient, has also increased. This paper evaluates household income and income inequality in Indonesia, assessing both market and non-market income to reach a more accurate measure of how actual income affects living standards. We find that if household income considers non-market income, income distribution is significantly more balanced, the coefficient of income inequality falls from 0.41 to 0.21 and the income share of the population's poorest deciles increases more than fivefold. The results suggest that market income alone is a misleading measure of income distribution in Indonesia.     

The effect of tax avoidance crackdown on corporate innovation

To constrain the use of intangible assets in tax-motivated state income shifting, many U.S. state governments adopted addback statutes. Addback statutes reduce the tax benefits that firms can gain from creating intangible assets such as patents. Using a sample of U.S. public firms, we examine the effect of addback statutes on corporate innovation behavior. First, the adoption of addback statutes leads to a 4.77 percentage point decrease in the number of patents and a 5.12 percentage point decrease in the number of patent citations. Second, the “disappearing patents” resulting from addback statutes have significant economic value. Third, after a state adopts an addback statute, a firm with material subsidiaries in that state assigns fewer patents to subsidiaries in zero-tax states, whereas the number of patents assigned to the other states does not change. Overall, our findings suggest that addback statutes impede corporate innovation.